Optimal scheduling of an active distribution system considering distributed energy resources, demand response aggregators and electrical energy storage

This paper presents a two-level optimization model for the optimal scheduling of an active distribution system in day-ahead and real-time market horizons. The operator transacts energy ancillary services with electricity market, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle parking lot aggregators, demand response aggregators. Further, can utilize switching procedure its zonal tie-line switches to mitigate effects contingencies. main contribution this is that proposed framework simultaneously models arbitrage strategy system, aggregators markets. paper's solution methodology another utilizes robust lexicographic ordering methods. At first stage level, bidding strategies are explored. Then, at second process finds distributed resources electrical switches. Finally, problem optimizes resources. Different case studies were carried out assess effectiveness algorithm. algorithm increases system's revenues by about 52.09% 47.04% concerning without method, respectively.